Evidence HubWhat Works Resources

 

Global Programme (11)

Michael Mbizvo

Senior Associate & Zambia Country Director

Michael Mbizvo is director of the Population Council’s office in Zambia and a senior associate in the Reproductive Health program. Mbizvo provides strategic direction and technical oversight to the Council’s research initiatives to advance reproductive health, including family planning services; HIV prevention, care, and services; gender-based violence and adolescent sexual and reproductive health programs and policies in Zambia.

Kalliopi Mingeirou

UN Women

Kalliope is currently the acting Chief of the Ending Violence against Women Section at UN-Women in New York. She is also leading the work of the section in the area of prevention. She is a lawyer by training, holding an LL.M. on public international law. Before joining UN-Women, Kalliope worked as a practicing lawyer in Greece, and at international level, she worked for UN agencies, as well as international NGOs in the areas of human rights, women’s human rights and refugee protection in several countries, such as in the post-genocide Rwanda, Sweden, Burundi, Morocco, Bosnia Herzegovina, Liberia, Guinea and Ivory Coast.

Professor A K Shiva Kumar

Ashoka University & The Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University

A K Shiva Kumar (Shiv) is a development economist and evaluator who works on issues related to human development including poverty, health, nutrition, basic education, and the rights of women and children. He is Co-Chair of the Know Violence in Childhood – a global learning initiative that is synthesizing evidence to advocate for ending violence. He teaches economics and public policy as a visiting faculty member at Ashoka University, India and Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. Shiv is an alumnus of Bangalore University and the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad as well as Harvard University from where he did his Masters in Public Administration and Ph.D in Political Economy and Government.

Dr. Claudia Garcia-Moreno

World Health Organization (WHO)

Dr García-Moreno currently leads the team working on violence against women at the World Health Organization (WHO), which includes work on measurement and epidemiology, interventions research and development of guidelines and tools for the health sector. She has led the WHO’s work on gender and women’s health and on violence against women and until 2013 was coordinator of the Gender, Reproductive Rights, Sexual Health and Adolescence team in the Department of Reproductive Health and Research. She coordinated the WHO Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence against Women, and is a founder and coordinating group member of the Sexual Violence Research Initiative. She is currently co-chair of the FIGO Working Group on Gender-based Violence and chair of the Independent Advisory Board of the DFID-funded What works to prevent violence against women and girls initiative, and previously a member and chair of the Steering Committee of the Global Coalition on Women and AIDS. Dr García-Moreno is a physician from Mexico with an MSC in Community Medicine from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. She has thirty years of experience in health care delivery, sexual and reproductive health, women’s health and gender in health research and policy, including in humanitarian settings.

Tina Musuya

The Center for Domestic Violence Prevention (CEDOVIP)

Tina is the Executive Director at The Center for Domestic Violence Prevention (CEDOVIP), and holds an MA in Sociology from Makerere University. Under her guidance, CEDOVIP won the 2010 UNAIDS Red Ribbon Award for innovative work in preventing violence against women and HIV and also successfully piloted the SASA! Programing in Kampala the site of the ground breaking SASA! study that brought to light evidence that preventing violence against women through social norm change is possible. She led a team of CEDOVIP’s colleagues to roll out community mobilization programs to prevent VAW in more than 13 districts in Uganda. She provided leadership for advocating for legislations on VAW i.e engaged in policy formulation at a local level (influenced the enactment of the first ever Domestic Violence bylaw in Uganda for Kawempe Division) and effectively participated in the drafting of the Domestic Violence Bill and spearheaded the Domestic Violence Bill coalition’s successful advocacy process for the Domestic Violence Act with civil society, policy makers, media and grassroots communities.

She brings 13 years of professional experience focused on VAW programme development and implementation. She has worked with diverse stakeholders, bilateral donor agencies, UN agencies, international and national NGOs, national consultants and leading academic institutions. Tina is a member of the Independent Advisory Board for the DFID-UK ‘What works to prevent violence against women and girls’ global program and a member of the Global Women’s Leadership Council. Tina participated in WithoutViolence Voices from the Field 2014 Fellowship to develop more effective solutions-oriented, evidence-based communications and advocacy strategies that can help broaden and deepen engagement with the issue of violence against children and women.

Markus Goldstein

World Bank

Markus Goldstein is a development economist with experience working in Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, and South Asia. He is currently a Lead Economist in the office of the Chief Economist for Africa at the World Bank, where he leads the Africa Gender Innovation Lab. His work centers on issues of gender and economic activity, focusing on agriculture and small scale enterprises. Markus has taught at the London School of Economics, the University of Ghana, Legon, and Georgetown University and published widely in academic journals and books. He holds a PhD from the University of California, Berkeley.  Markus is a fellow of BREAD and a co-founder and regular contributor to the Development Impact blog.

In early 2016, I met a group of female sex workers (FSWs) in Bagalkot district in Karnataka, India. The campaign statement for their Orange Day event calling for an end to violence against women in December 2015 was “Violence is not love”.  I was curious about what this meant because the women had framed it in the context of intimate relationships with their male partners. 

Just a year earlier, the results of a formative study by researchers from the Karnataka Health Promotion Trust among 620 female sex workers (FSWs) in the same district had revealed that 51% of them faced emotional, physical or sexual abuse from their intimate partners. Almost half the FSWs reported humiliation, threat of harm or intimidation, 33% were either kicked, choked, burnt on purpose, forced to engage in humiliating sex acts or threatened with a weapon, and 7% were raped by their partners in the six months prior to the survey.

Tara, one of the FSWs I met, shared the story of a long raised scar on her right arm. On a Friday evening in August 2014, her partner came home to find her with a client. She defended herself when he accused her of cheating: “What will happen if I continue sex work? You don’t earn and give me money. How should I earn my livelihood? I need to eat. What do you expect me to do?” Seething with rage, he kicked and pinned her to the ground with his legs on her chest. The pocketknife meant to slit her neck instead slashed her arm raised in an act of self-protection. Writes Priya Pillai, Independent consultant and former lead - research uptake and partnerships at Strive.  Read more of about this article published in the Guardian news here.

28 November 2014

Contact Us

Written by

The What Works to Prevent Violence Against Women and Girls Global Programme is led by the South African Medical Research Council. You can contact us at the Global Programme by:

Mail

1 Soutpansberg Road, Pretoria, Private Bag x385, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa

Contact us directly

Send an enquiry

Email

General enquiries
To contact the What Works to Prevent Violence Global Programme email: whatworks@mrc.ac.za

Staff
Programme Manager, Tirhani Manganyi: Tirhani.Manganyi@mrc.ac.za

Media enquiries
If you would like to develop a story on Violence Against Women and Girls, and would like information or a comment, email our press agent.

Rebecca Ladbury, Ladbury Communications, rebecca@ladburypr.com

DFID Counter Fraud and Whistleblowing Unit (CFWU)
Email: reportingconcerns@dfid.gov.uk or Tel: +44(0)1355 843747

South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC),
fraudulent activities can be reported at: http://ctn-web-01.mrcad.mrc.ac.za/fraudulentdisclosure​

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The Theory of Change maps out the actions that must be taken to address complex social problems. It defines a programme’s overall goals or vision for change, maps out the different social institutions and levels where change must be promoted, and sets out what actions will be taken to drive and achieve that change.

Behavioural sciences research has shown that interventions are rarely effective in promoting change if they are not theoretically grounded. The What Works to Prevent Violence Against Women and Girls Programme is guided by a clearly defined Theory of Change.

pdf icon  Download the PDF version here

THEORY OF CHANGE

impact
Fewer women and girls are exposed to gender-based violence
long-term outcome
  • An expanded cadre of researchers who can to conduct
    rigorous VAWG prevention evaluation research and to
    use evidence to influence policy and practice
  • Better VAWG prevention knowledge generation informed by
    stronger research designs
  • Major resource mobilisation for VAWG prevention from
    national treasuries and donors
  • Widespread adoption of at a country-level of evidence-based and funded VAWG prevention strategy
  • Growing recognition that VAWG can be prevented
  • Greater openess to new generation interventions
medium term outcome
  • Researchers equipped to continue to undertake VAWG prevention research
  • Programmers equipped to design better VAWG prevention
    interventions and to scale up
  • Interventions ready for scale up, or export and adaptation for use elsewhere
  • Knowledge to inform the next generation of interventions in research
  • Knowledge to guide country-level and global strategies for VAWG prevention
  • More confidence in the field
  • More funds
  • More evidence-based programming
  • Fewer women and girls experiencing VAWG
  • Incremental advance in knowledge of designa dn delivery of complex interventions
outputs
  • #programmers, stakeholders and research
    with an in-depth understanding of evidence-based VAWG prevention
  • # research equipped to undertake VAWG prevention research
  • Research reports and summaries of the findings of 21-26 impact evaluation and
    operations research project
  • At least 26 peer-reviewed journal articles published
  • Conference presentations given, and web summaries developed
  • Aseries of knowledge synthesis reports published for stakeholders and programmers
    with accompanying peer-review journal articles
  • # of stakeholders understanding the role of science in VAWG prevention
  • Impact of research on policy
  • # women and girls who are recipients of VAWG prevention
  • New generations of intervention for VAWG prevention
inputs
  • Bespoke in-person, email and videoconference
    TA Monthly webinar learning labs held over four year 
  • Learning through doing
  • Initial workshop for innovation grantees and annual
    meeting of researchers and programmers
  • Experiences and tools disseminated through website,
    list serv, conferences and digital platforms
  • World leading scientific expertise
  • Community of practise amongst researchers
  • Funding for development of 10-14 programmes through
    innovation grants
  • Funding for 5 operations research studies, 5 evaluation grant
    programmes, and 6 impact evaluations
  • Funding for economic evaluation of inteventions and scale up
  • Strategic investment in research uptake
  • multi-level communications plan and startegy for uptake globally and in-country
  • Multi-media stakeholder capacity building
  • Publication synthesising research findings and implications for policy and programming
  • Funding for development of 10-14 programmes through innovation grants
 
CAPACITY
RESEARCH
UPTAKE
INNOVATION
responses
Build knowledge of social and
economic determinants of VAWG in
different settings
Build the evidence base through
new evaluation research
Fund new high quality innovative programmers
Understand how to strengthen responses
build the capacity of stakeholding
primary prevention of VAWG
Disseminate knowledge
Build knowledge of costs of VAWG
prevention and
impact of scale up on costs
Buil VAWG prevention programming
and research expertise
barriers
  • Limited understanding of primary prevention and differentiating it from response
  • Limited science of ‘what works’ in VAWG prevention
  • Overwhelming donor emphasis on strengthening responses
  • Political sensitivity of the issues, especially resistance to implementing gender transformative programmers
  • Limited funds
  • Limited VAWG research evaluation expertise global
  • Insufficient conceptually strong interventions ready to evaluate
  • The highest quality impact evaluations are technically very complex studies
  • Limited understanding of what is evidence-based VAWG prevention
  • Low political priority leading to inadequate resources
  • Perception that programmes are complex, expensive and hard to scale up.
  • VAWG not a priority area of investment
 
BARRIERS TO INVESTMENT IN PREVENTION
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE EVALUATION RESEARCH
BARRIERS TO DELIVERING PREVENTION AT SCALE
problem
Globally one in three woman and girls experience violence in their lifetime. This is driven by the low status and power of women and girls, patriacal social norms, and social norms that regard the use of violence as acceptable, constructions of masculinity the emphasis control and dominance over women, and high levels of exposure to abuse and emotional trauma. It is exacerbated by poverty, problematic alcohol use and limited political and institutional will to prevent and respond. Despite this evidence, investment VAWG prevention is inadaquate.

The Global Programme is implemented by a consortium led by the South African Medical Research Council, in partnership with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Social Development Direct.


SAMRCThe South African Medical Research Council

The South African Medical Research Council is a globally recognised research institute. It is the lead agency for the consortium, responsible for managing the consortium and all aspects of the programme. The South African Medical Research Council brings to the programme 19 years of experience in developing innovative and large-scale research projects on violence against women. It also brings an extensive network of partners, working across the global south, on violence prevention.


lshtm logoThe London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine is an international leader in public health research. It is responsible for guiding research and work that focuses on the economics, cost-effectiveness and scale-up approaches for prevention programmes. The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine brings to the consortium 18 years of experience in conducting multi-disciplinary research on violence against women, and assessing interventions designed to prevent it. It has been involved with research to assess the impact of public health interventions, and to estimate the costs and cost-effectiveness of different violence against women prevention programmes.


SDDSocial Development Direct

Social Development Direct is the UK’s leading niche provider of expert social development assistance and research services. Social Development Direct’s core expertise is in gender equality, citizen voice and accountability and conflict prevention and peace building. Social Development Direct has a large gender portfolio and works extensively on violence prevention and response. It holds a number of significant contracts in this field which includes the violence against women and girls helpdesk - a DFID-led global service that provides research and short-term technical assistance on the full range of violence issues, and a large-scale multi-city impact evaluation of a violence prevention programme in India.