Evidence HubWhat Works Resources
The cost-effectiveness of intimate partner violence prevention: Evidence from six low- and middle-income countries
Globally, one in three women has experienced physical and/or sexual violence in their lifetime.1
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 aims to eradicate violence against women and girls (VAWG). Many interventions designed to prevent VAWG in low- to middleincome countries (LMICs) are showing substantial impact.
However, despite the emerging evidence and high-level
policy and public commitment to reduce VAWG, funding for VAWG prevention remains insufficient. Cost-effectiveness analysis helps governments and funders decide which VAWG prevention interventions are most effective when budgets are limited.
This brief presents findings from the first multi-country costeffectiveness study of six VAWG prevention interventions delivered across a range of platforms and approaches from schools to community mobilisation and workshop-based small-group formats. It highlights how costs and health effects vary across platforms, approaches, countries, and
populations, with methods commonly used to analyse and justify investment in the health sector.
This brief is intended for donors, policy makers, and practitioners of VAWG prevention. It is one of a series of
evidence briefs published as part of the UKAID-funded What Works to Prevent Violence programme, which has rigorously evaluated 15 interventions across 12 countries in Africa and Asia.
Citation: Jewkes, R.;Willan, S.;Heise, L.;Washington, L.; Shai, N.; Kerr-Wilson, A.; Gibbs, A.; Stern, E.; Christofides, N. Elements of the Design and Implementation of Interventions to Prevent Violence against Women and Girls Associated with Success: Reflections from the WhatWorks to Prevent Violence againstWomen and Girls? Global Programme. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 12129. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph182212129
To cite: Ramsoomar L, Gibbs A, Chirwa ED, et al.
Pooled analysis of the association between alcohol use and violence against women: evidence from four violence prevention studies in Africa.
BMJ Open 2021;11:e049282. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049282
“We saw that jealousy can also bring violence”: A qualitative exploration of
the intersections between jealousy, infidelity and intimate partner violence
in Rwanda and Uganda
Nambusi Kyegombe *, Erin Stern, Ana Maria Buller
Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
A case study comparison of engaging community activists to prevent gender-based violence in Peru and Rwanda
To cite this article: Erin Stern, Murylo Batista, Geordan Shannon, Lori Heise & Jenevieve Mannell (2021): A case study comparison of engaging community activists to prevent gender-based violence in Peru and Rwanda, Global Public Health, DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2021.2018010
Citation: Ndungu, J.; Jewkes, R.; Ngcobo-Sithole, M.; Chirwa, E.; Gibbs, A. AfghanWomen’s Use of Violence against Their Children and Associations with IPV, Adverse Childhood Experiences and Poverty: A Cross-Sectional and Structural Equation Modelling Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 7923. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157923
Smanga Mkhwanazi a, Andrew Gibbs a,b,*
a Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
b Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Cellphones and romantic relationships of young women in urban informal settlements in South Africa
To cite this article: Andrew Gibbs, Samantha Willan & Rachel Jewkes (2021): Cellphones and romantic relationships of young women in urban informal settlements in South Africa, Culture, Health & Sexuality, DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2021.1953609
Cite this article: Kane JC, Glass N, Bolton PA, Mayeya J, Paul R, Mwenge M, Murray LK (2021).
Two-year treatment effects of the common elements treatment approach (CETA) for reducing intimate partner violence and unhealthy alcohol use in Zambia. Global Mental Health 8, e4, 1–4. https://doi.org/
10.1017/gmh.2021.2
Leane Ramsoomar, Rebecca Ladbury & Rachel Jewkes (2021):
Research uptake, lessons from a multi-country global programme: What Works to Prevent Violence against
women and girls, Development in Practice, DOI: 10.1080/09614524.2021.1911952
Andrew Gibbs, Nada Abdelatif, Laura Washington, Esnat Chirwa, Samantha Willan, Nwabisa Shai, Yandisa Sikweyiya, Rachel Jewkes
Associations between exposures to occupationrelated events, depression and intimate partner violence among women in the occupied Palestinian Territories
Andrew Gibbs , Nada Abdelatif , Nader Said & Rachel Jewkes (2020): Associations between exposures to occupation-related events, depression and intimate partner violence among women in the occupied Palestinian Territories, Global Public Health, DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1849349
How the Indashyikirwa Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Programme in Rwanda Influenced Parenting and Violence against Children
Erin Stern1,2 & Lori Heise1 & Kristin Dunkle3 & Sangeeta Chatterji. How the Indashyikirwa Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Programme in Rwanda Influenced Parenting and Violence against Children
Barriers and facilitators to care-seeking among survivors of gender-based violence in the Dadaab refugee complex
Sheru Muuo, Stella Kagwiria Muthuri, Martin Kavao Mutua, Alys McAlpine, Loraine J. Bacchus, Hope Ogego, Martin Bangha, Mazeda Hossain & Chimaraoke Izugbara (2020) Barriers and facilitators to care-seeking among survivors of gender-based violence in the Dadaab refugee complex, Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 28:1, DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2020.1722404
Research challenges in evaluating gender-based violence response services in a refugee camp
(2020) Research challenges in evaluating gender-based violence response services in a refugee camp, Global Health Action, 13:1, DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1820713
Gender-based violence and its association with mental health among Somali women in a Kenyan refugee camp: a latent class analysis
Hossain, M., Pearson, R. J., McAlpine, A., Bacchus, L. J., Spangaro, J., Muthuri, J., Muuo, S., Franchi, G., Hess, T., Bangha, M., Izugbara, C. (2020). Gender-based violence and its association with mental health among Somali women in a Kenyan refugee camp: a latent class analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health. ePub: This study sought to understand the interaction between current violence and past conflict-related violence with ongoing mental health to help improve mental health service provision in refugee camps. [Source: London School of Economics].
Disability, violence, and mental health among Somali refugee women in a humanitarian setting
Hossain, M., Pearson, R., McAlpine, A., Bacchus, L., Muuo, S. W., Muthuri, S. K., Spangaro, J., Kuper, H., Franchi, G., Pla Cordero, R., Cornish-Spencer, S., Hess, T., Bangha, M. and Izugbara, C. (2020) “Disability, violence, and mental health among Somali refugee women in a humanitarian setting,” Global Mental Health. Cambridge University Press, 7, p. e30. doi: 10.1017/gmh.2020.23.
Right To Play’s intervention to reduce peer violence among children in public schools in Pakistan: a cluster-randomized controlled trial
Rozina Karmaliani , Judith McFarlane , Hussain Maqbool Ahmed Khuwaja , Yasmeen Somani , Shireen Shehzad , Tazeen Saeed Ali , Nargis Asad , Esnat D. Chirwa & Rachel Jewkes
To cite this article: Rozina Karmaliani , Judith McFarlane , Hussain Maqbool Ahmed Khuwaja , Yasmeen Somani , Shireen Shehzad , Tazeen Saeed Ali , Nargis Asad , Esnat D. Chirwa & Rachel Jewkes (2020) Right To Play’s intervention to reduce peer violence among children in public schools in Pakistan: a cluster-randomized controlled trial, Global Health Action, 13:1, 1836604
DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1836604
Lessons learnt from engaging opinion leaders to address intimate partner violence in Rwanda
Erin Stern , Lori Heise & Beniamino Cislaghi
To cite this article: Erin Stern , Lori Heise & Beniamino Cislaghi (2020): Lessons learnt from engaging opinion leaders to address intimate partner violence in Rwanda, Development in Practice
Samantha Willan a, Andrew Gibbs a,b, Nwabisa Shai a, Nolwazi Ntini a, Inge Petersen b, Rachel Jewkes a
a. Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Pretoria, South Africa
b. Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, Mazisi Kunene Road, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
Exploring young women’s reproductive decision-making, agency and social norms in South African informal settlements
Samantha Willan1, Andrew Gibbs,1,2, Inge Petersen2, Rachel Jewkes1
1. Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa,
2. Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Engaging with faith groups to prevent VAWG in conflict-affected communities: results from two community surveys in the DRC
Elisabet Le Roux , Julienne Corboz, Nigel Scott , Maggie Sandilands , Uwezo Baghuma Lele, Elena Bezzolato and Rachel Jewkes
Sangeeta Chatterji, Lori Heise, Andrew Gibbs, Kristin Dunkle
Yandisa Sikweyiya, Adolphina Addoley Addo-Lartey, Deda Ogum Alangea, Phyllis Dako-Gyeke, Esnat D. Chirwa, Dorcas Coker-Appiah, Richard M. K. Adanu and Rachel Jewkes
Nwabisa Shai, Geeta Devi Pradhan, Ratna Shrestha, Abhina Adhikari, Esnat Chirwa1, Alice Kerr-Wilson, Rachel Jewkes
Violence against women and girls (VAWG) is a global problem with profound consequences. Although there is a growing body of evidence on the effectiveness of VAWG prevention interventions, economic data are scarce. We carried out a cross-country study to examine the costs of VAWG prevention interventions in low- and middle-income countries. We collected primary cost data on six different pilot VAWG prevention interventions in six countries: Ghana, Kenya, Pakistan, Rwanda, South Africa and Zambia.
Sergio Torres-Rueda, Giulia Ferrari, Stacey Orangi, Regis Hitimana, Emmanuelle Daviaud, Theresa Tawiah, Rebecca Kyerewaa Dwommoh Prah, Rozina Karmaliani, Eleonah Kapapa, Edwine Barasa, Rachel Jewkes and Anna Vassall
This brief synthesises knowledge gathered on the impact of age on prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and the effectiveness of IPV prevention in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in seven interventions evaluated under the What Works to Prevent Violence Against Women and Girls Global Programme. The extent to which young women comprise a population more at risk of IPV, compared with older women, varies by geographical location and type of IPV. It is also likely that women and girls from different age groups respond to IPV prevention interventions in different ways; this may also vary according to geographical location, type of IPV, and intervention type. Nevertheless, the analysis presented in this brief suggests that young women are at greater risk of physical IPV than older women. Although younger women also appear to have experienced greater reductions in sexual and economic IPV than older women as a result of What Works interventions, there is no evidence to suggest that older women cannot, or do not, benefit from IPV prevention interventions.
Laura K. Murray, Jeremy C. KaneID, Nancy Glass, Stephanie Skavenski van Wyk Flor Melendez, Ravi Paul, Carla Kmett Danielson, Sarah M. Murray, John Mayeya, Francis Simenda, Paul Bolton
Gibbs A, Dunkle K, Mhlongo S, Chirwa, E., Hatcher, A., Christofides, C, Jewkes. Which men change in intimate partner violence prevention interventions? A trajectory analysis in Rwanda and South Africa. BMJ Global Health 2020;5:e002199. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002199
Rachel Jewkes, Andrew Gibbs, Esnat Chirwa & Kristin Dunkle (2020) What can we learn from studying control arms of randomised VAW prevention intervention evaluations: reflections on expected measurement error, meaningful change and the utility of RCTs, Global Health Action, 13:1, 1748401